Ulcerative colitis is inflammation of the colon, or large intestine, which has developed ulcers in the lining of the colon. The rectum, which is the end of the colon, is always involved in colitis. If the colitis is confined strictly to the rectum, it is called ulcerative proctitis.
Symptoms of ulcerative proctitis are similar to those of Crohn’s disease and include abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, mucus discharge and rectal bleeding. Symptoms are intermittent and can go into remission for long periods of time. In some cases the disease has actually disappeared for no apparent reason.
The most accurate way to diagnose ulcerative proctitis is with a visual check using a flexible tube called a sigmoidoscope. Tests are generally recommended when symptoms first appear, since many other diseases can mimic this condition. A biopsy may be performed to determine if there is a bacterial or other agent involved. If an infection is present, antibiotics or anti-viral medication may be recommended. Acidophilus taken with the antibiotic can help replenish the flora in the intestine and mitigate side effects such as increased diarrhea.
Researchers have not yet discovered the causes of ulcerative proctitis, though some believe there may be a viral component which affects the immune system and causes the inflammation. It is also possible that a genetic component may make a person more susceptible to the condition, since it seems to be more prevalent in some families than in others. Tests have shown that proctitis is not caused by stress or dietary habits, but these factors can cause the symptoms to flare up.
Patients with ulcerative proctitis may wish to monitor their diets to see if certain foods worsen the symptoms. If diarrhea is involved, it can be helpful to avoid milk products, raw fruits and vegetables and spicy foods. It is also helpful to drink plenty of fluids and follow a high-fiber diet as well as incorporate relaxation techniques and changes in lifestyle that will reduce stress.
Ulcerative proctitis is not a contagious disease, and symptoms can be treated when flare-ups occur. In most cases, a non-surgical approach such as corticosteroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory enemas are preferred. Homeopathic treatments such as acupuncture, herbs, vitamins, and magnesium and omego-3 fatty acids often provide relief. Doctors may treat dilated blood vessels on the surface of the inner lining of the colon and rectum with endoscopic cauterization. More aggressive surgery is not recommended unless all other treatment methods have failed.