The treatment for burn wounds typically varies depending on the severity of the burn and the number of skin layers damaged. Burn wounds are classified as first, second, and third degree, with first degree being the most minor and third degree the most severe. Treatment for first- and second-degree burns may only require topical ointment and bandaging, while third-degree burn wounds usually require treatment that is more extensive. Third-degree burns may require surgery, skin grating, and life-saving procedures. Other common treatments for all types of burn include the application of cold compresses, pain therapy, and medications to reduce the risk of infection.
First-degree burns affect the surface area of the epidermis, which is the outer layer of the skin. These burn wounds can sometimes heal on their own without the application of ointment or any type of extensive medical care, however, physicians typically urge patients to take steps to accelerate healing and avoid infection. This would include keeping the wound clean and bandaged, and changing the bandages frequently. In most cases, first-degree burns do not require narcotic based pain relievers; rather patients are typically prescribed mild pain medications such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen. In addition, the application of topical antibiotic ointments are sometimes included as part of the treatment.
Second-degree burn wounds are considered more serious. These burns penetrate the epidermis and extend into the surface of the dermis, which is the second layer of skin. This type of burn usually involves blistering, swelling, and severe pain. Burn treatments recommended for second-degree burns are similar to those used for first degree, with the exception of pain management. In order to ease the pain of a second-degree burn it is sometimes necessary to use cold water washes or cold compresses. In addition, for second-degree burns that cover a large area, narcotic pain relievers are sometimes prescribed.
Third-degree burns penetrate both the epidermis and the dermis, and often go completely through all of the skin tissue to involve bones, muscles, or organs. Patients are usually hospitalized, because treatment typically includes maintaining a completely sterile environment to avoid infection. In addition, depending on the severity and the location of the burn, lifesaving procedures such as amputation or assisted breathing may be required. It might also be necessary to remove healthy skin from the body and graft it over burned regions. Reconstructive surgery may be necessary for third-degree burn wounds because scarring can sometimes be severe.
