Pregnancy and leg pain often go together, especially near the end of a pregnancy. Cramping and pain from the pelvis to the tips of the toes are very common side effects of pregnancy, and there are a number of techniques people can use to manage the pain. Resting, monitoring fluid intake, and using ice or heat as appropriate can help, as can some forms of gentle exercise and massage. Everybody is different and people may need to try several techniques to find one that works for them. An obstetrician or midwife can have specific recommendations and advice.
The reasons pregnancy and leg pain are closely associated are often unclear, although doctors have suggested some possible explanations. In the pelvis, the cause is clearly known; as women go through a pregnancy, the pelvis softens and shifts to prepare for delivery, and this can cause pelvic pain and instability. Likewise, pain in the feet is often due to edema, fluid retention caused by decreased bloodflow to the legs.
As far as leg pain goes, one possible explanation is pressure on the nerves created by the weight of the baby. Pregnancy also changes blood chemistry and it's possible that leg pain may be caused by imbalances of chemicals in the blood. In addition, pregnant women have to adjust the way they move to accommodate the growing baby and this may put unexpected strain on leg muscles. Patients with physically fit legs can still develop pain caused by moving at awkward angles and carrying more weight than usual.
In some cases, pregnancy and leg pain are a sign of something more serious. Pregnant women can develop blood clots in their legs, along with inflammation of the blood vessels. Sharp, acute pain may be a sign of these pregnancy complications, not of routine pregnancy aches and pains. Women who experience pain unexpectedly or notice a change in the nature of their leg pain during pregnancy should seek medical attention to check for potentially dangerous causes.
Women concerned about pregnancy and leg pain can work with a physical trainer or physiotherapist to develop some exercises to gently stretch and strengthen the leg muscles to reduce cramps and related problems. Massage can help some women and others find relief from resting with the legs elevated, applying ice, and similar measures. Pregnancy and leg pain are commonly associated, and the pain generally will resolve after women deliver and their bodies start returning to normal.