Menopause-related hormonal changes present a major period of adjustment for aging women. Women may notice body differences before menopause as well, during a period of time called perimenopause. Hot flashes and perimenopause are almost synonymous — studies indicate that between two-thirds and three-quarters of women endure hot flashes during late perimenopause. The perimenopausal hormonal variations that cause hot flashes can be unpredictable; therefore, hot flashes and perimenopause in general vary in duration and intensity between individuals. Whatever the individual variance, hot flashes tend to occur suddenly and without warning.
Perimenopause may be thought of as the female body’s preparation for menopause. Altered menstrual cycles, decreased fertility, sexual and mood changes, and changes in estrogen and progesterone hormonal levels are among the more common bodily responses. These symptoms generally present with hot flashes. Women may begin experiencing perimenopause anywhere between their mid-30s and late-40s.
A typical hot flash is an intense release of heat through the body. It usually begins in the areas of the face or chest and spreads. Hot flashes can create uncomfortable side effects, such as sweating, nausea, and disorientation. They also may cause night sweats and disrupt sleep patterns, setting the stage for insomnia or irritability. Resulting mood swings, when coupled with natural hormonal fluctuations, can foster an atmosphere of stress for the afflicted woman and those closest to her. Smoking, a family history of early menopause onset, a hysterectomy procedure, and having never been pregnant may enhance symptoms.
Some factors can strengthen the link between hot flashes and perimenopause. Eating and drinking habits in particular can increase the likelihood of experiencing hot flashes — spicy foods, alcohol, and caffeine are frequent offenders. A sedentary lifestyle may also contribute to more hot flashes, and thus experts recommend maintaining a regular exercise routine to offset this risk. Hot weather is perhaps a more obvious aggravating factor, leading to researchers’ suggestions that women wear removable layers of clothing during the day.
Many traditional and non-traditional treatments claim to relieve the discomfort of hot flashes and perimenopause. Natural remedies such as soy found in foods and black cohosh may relieve symptoms, according to some research. A few over-the-counter or prescriptive treatments may also be useful, including progesterone, vitamin E, and migraine medications. In some cases, physicians may also support hormone replacement therapy in limited use. Any potential treatments should be discussed with a medical professional.