The benefit principle is a concept relating to the idea that taxation should be levied on individuals and corporations based on the degree to which each indivdual benefits from the services rendered, using the funds paid by them in the form of taxes. Those individuals or organizations that benefit most from services provided by a government using revenue from taxes should be required to pay more than those who do not use or benefit from those services to the same extent.
This basic principle of taxation based on use is one that dates to the earliest forms of government and monetary systems. It is widely used by many governments at all levels all around the world. The basic idea is that those who use goods and services the most pay the most, a principle that is inherent in the economic and government systems of many countries.
The application of this principle can sometimes be difficult, however, as it is often very hard to determine the exact relative benefit gained by an individual or organization. To implement this principle to its extreme would require a government to levy a specific tax rate for each individual or organization based on their usage of government goods and services. This is, for many obvious reasons, impossible. Instead, many governments incorporate this principle selectively into their taxation systems.
Many practical applications of the benefit principle can be found. Fees charged by governments at all levels from local to national for things like entry to public parks, license plates, and education at publicly funded institutions are all examples. The individuals and organizations that benefit from these goods and services pay for them on a case by case basis, and although these fees may not be thought of as taxes by some, they are a form of taxation.
The other basic idea behind the benefit principle is that individuals or organizations do not pay taxes for any goods or services that they do not receive or consume. Again, this aspect of the benefit principle is only applied selectively. For example, in many countries, every citizen or business is expected to pay a certain rate of tax on its income, which funds the government's ability to provide services and functions that benefit every citizen, such as maintaining armed forces for national defense, road maintenance, and the functioning of the government itself. By applying the benefit principle, however, not everyone can be forced to pay for goods or services they do not receive. For example, someone who does not own a car does not have to pay a vehicle licensing fee.
