Reflux oesophagitis, also known as gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or acid reflux, is a condition that occurs when the sphincter in the lower esophagus does not close completely, causing the contents in the stomach to leak back into it. The condition typically results in a sensation of burning in the throat and chest, which is why it is commonly known as heartburn. The condition may be aggravated by certain foods, which cause the sphincter to relax even more, which can worsen reflux oesophagitis.
Often, individuals experience reflux oesophagitis during certain times of the day, particularly when their stomachs are empty. For many, this may be just before bedtime, when they are lying down, which helps promote the backup of material into the esophagus. Fatigue can also lead to symptoms of heartburn. For some people, the problem is simply a minor inconvenience, but for others it can be painful condition that strikes nearly every day.
Although nearly all people experience some amount of reflux oesophagitis over the course of their lifetimes, for those who experience chronic symptoms, the condition can cause other complications. It can lead to sustained inflammation of the esophagus, and even cause ulcers. Therefore, those who experience heartburn symptoms over a period of days or weeks that does not get better should consult their physician for further treatment options, or to determine that more extensive damage has not occurred.
Medications often treat reflux oesophagitis very effectively, though because not all causes of the condition are the same, not all will work with everyone. Medications for the condition can be broken down into several different groups including antacids, foaming agents, H2 inhibitors, and proton pump inhibitors. The most commonly used medications for heartburn are antacids. These neutralize acids in the stomach, thus relieving the symptoms of heartburn.
The newest treatment option is the proton pump inhibitor, which is typically marketed as a 14-day treatment option. This type of drug works by stopping many of the pumps in the stomach that produce the acid from working. Less acid in the stomach means less incidence of heartburn. While the drug can be very effective when it is being used, two large studies have suggested conditions return within five days of ending treatment. With doctor approval, the treatment can extend beyond 14 days.
If medications fail to stop the problem, there is also a surgical option. In one surgical method, the top of the stomach is wrapped around the sphincter in the lower esophagus to strengthen it. In the other method, an implant is inserted that also provides a reinforcement for the sphincter in an attempt to keep stomach contents where they belong.