Cystitis, also known as a bladder infection, is the presence of inflammation in the bladder. Usually, the infection is caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract. Recurrent cystitis is when a person acquires the infection two or more times in a six-month period. Often, certain conditions can make a person more prone to recurrent cystitis. Diabetes, urinary stents, kidney stones and being a frequent urinary catheter user are some examples of predisposing conditions.
Escherichia coli, also known as E.coli, is a bacteria that commonly causes recurrent cystitis. Urination generally helps to get rid of bacteria. Although, sometimes, remnants of bacteria may be introduced into the urinary tract system and spread rapidly, leading to an infection. Certain medications and irritants, such as deodorized sprays and soaps, may also cause an infection. Sometimes, sexual intercourse may cause cystitis, as the activity may make the urinary tract more susceptible to bacteria.
A person with recurrent cystitis will generally be aware of its symptoms because he or she just recently had the infection. The first symptoms may be a change in urination. Some changes may include a burning feeling while urinating, painful urination and an urgency to urinate more often. The urine may be darker than usual and have a strong smell. Often, a person with a recurrent infection may also have a fever, chills, nausea and lower back or abdominal pain.
If a person has recurrent cystitis, he or she should be seen by a doctor to ensure that a serious health condition is not the cause of the recurring condition. A urine test may be done initially to confirm the infection. This test may be followed by additional tests that may not otherwise be needed in an individual with a first-time diagnosis of the infection. An imaging test such as a computerized tomography scan (CT) scan may be done to get a close view of the kidneys and the organs in the lower pelvis, in particular the bladder. The bladder may also be analyzed with a thin flexible tube with an attached camera, known as a cystoscope.
For recurrent cystitis, antibiotics will typically be prescribed. The antibiotics may be stronger for a recurring infection and may be given for a longer duration of time. Individuals who suspect they may have a recurrent infection should not hesitate to seek treatment from a health care professional. Often, other infections and diseases can have symptoms similar to those of this type of infection. For this reason, with each onset of like symptoms, a doctor should be consulted for an accurate diagnoses and treatment.