Olmesartan medoxomil, commonly known as simply olmesartan, belongs to a group of drugs often prescribed to treat hypertension or high blood pressure. These drugs are also known as angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) or angiotensin II receptor antagonists. ARBs generally block some chemicals in the body that cause tightening of the blood vessels. This mostly results in the relaxation of the blood vessels, thus promoting smoother blood flow and less workload for the heart. With the brand name Benicar®, olmesartan usually comes in 5-milligram (mg), 20-mg, and 40-mg tablets.
Most patients with hypertension are given a dose of olmesartan to be taken every day by mouth. The dosage may vary among patients and usually depends on their symptoms and the presence of other underlying conditions. Doctors may give low-dose tablets at the start of treatment, and may increase the dosage gradually after several weeks. It is frequently recommended that patients take the medicine as directed by the physician, and not stop without their doctor's advice. Patients are also encouraged to ask questions if there's anything they do not understand about their doctor's instructions.
Olmesartan can cause several side effects. These include dizziness, diarrhea, weakness, and muscle pain. If these symptoms persist or become severe, it is often important to inform the doctor about them. Some patients may develop an allergy or a sensitive reaction to olmesartan, and may experience difficulty swallowing, itchiness, and swelling of the face.
Other serious side effects are chest pain and increased heart rate. This drug may also have effects in the kidneys, and may lead to decreased urine output or no urine output at all. Emergency medical attention is often needed when these serious side effects occur.
Patients should observe some precautions while using olmesartan. They should avoid drinking alcoholic beverages, as this can further promote low blood pressure and may enhance the side effects of the drug. Patients are also instructed to avoid sudden shifts in position, such as standing or sitting up rapidly from a lying position, to prevent dizziness and falls. It is also important to inform the doctor about other medications and vitamins patients are taking, as some of these may not be recommended to be taken together with olmesartan.
This drug is also considered harmful to fetuses. Pregnancy should be avoided by women taking olmesartan. If patients are already pregnant, a different drug is usually given.
