Several lung disorders, such as asthma and pneumonia, can cause problems breathing. Nebulizer therapy, also referred to as nebulizer drug therapy, is medication given through a special medical device. The nebulizer turns the medication into an aerosol, which is the patient can inhale.
Various medications can be given using a nebulizer. The type of medication used may depend on the symptoms and respiratory condition a person has. For example, people who have asthma may have airways that narrow and cause wheezing. Medications, called bronchodilators, are often given through the nebulizer to open the air passages.
Other classifications of medications given include antibiotics, mucolytics, and anti-inflammatory medications. All of these medications can be given during nebulizer therapy. The dose of the medication and length of nebulizer therapy will vary depending on the patient’s condition.
There are a few types of nebulizers used for therapy including ultra sonic nebulizers. The most common form of therapy, however, is the small-volume nebulizer therapy. A nebulizer can be used at a doctor's office or at a hospital or it can be prescribed for home use. Depending on the amount of medication given, treatments can usually be completed in ten minutes. Therapy is often used for people of all ages including children and infants.
Although devices may vary slightly by manufacturer, most work by placing the prescribed amount of medication into a medication cup. Connective tubing is attached to the bottom of the nebulizer cup. The other end of tubing is attached to either an oxygen device or air compressor. To turn the device on in a hospital, air compressors are attached to the wall and a flow meter is used. Small, portable air compressors are used for home use during nebulizer therapy.
A mouthpiece or a mask can be attached to the top of the nebulizer cup. If a person is unable to hold a mouthpiece in his hand, a mask should be used. The mask should be placed over the mouth and nose, and the person should be instructed to breath in normally. When a mouthpiece is used, the lips should be closed around it, and the person should inhale through the mouth slowly, and exhale either through the mouth or nose.
The frequency of treatment depends on the respiratory diagnosis and medication prescribed. Side effects also depend on the type of medication given. For instance, bronchodilators given during nebulizer therapy may cause an increased heart rate, headache, and slight tremors.