Natalizumab is a generic medication commonly marketed under the brand name Tysabri®. This medication is prescribed for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who cannot take other drugs for this condition. It is an immunomodulator that helps prevent damage to the brain and spinal cord by certain cells of the immune system. This cannot cure multiple sclerosis, but it may help delay damage and decrease episodes of worsening symptoms.
In the U.S., natalizumab is only available to patients who are enrolled in the TOUCH program. Not all doctors and clinics are registered with the TOUCH program. Patients seeking to take this drug may wish to ask for a referral from their regular doctor, if he cannot offer this program. The TOUCH program requires that patients get regular check-ups every three months when beginning the treatment, and then at least every six months. This helps reduce the risk of serious complications or side effects.
Natalizumab is only available as an injection administered by a health care professional. Patients will typically go to the clinic every four weeks to receive the medicine. It will be diluted and gradually injected into a vein intravenously. This process may take up to an hour. Patients are required to stay under monitoring at the clinic for at least one hour following the conclusion of the intravenous therapy, because serious reactions may occur during this time.
One of the serious complications that may develop from the use of natalizumab is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which will either cause severe disability or death. There is no treatment for this condition, nor can doctors prevent it from occurring. PML is an infection of the brain and risks of developing it increase the longer patients use this drug.
Serious side effects from the use of natalizumab require immediate medical care and can include chest pain, problems breathing, and dizziness. Patients may also notice jaundice, flushing, and signs of an infection, such as a fever, chills, and sore throat. Nausea, vomiting, and darkened urine may also occur.
Other side effects should be reported to the doctor if they become severe or persistent. These may include extreme fatigue, headache, and muscle cramps. Depression, night sweats, and joint or muscle pain may also occur. Some patients have reported tooth pain, cold sores, and frequent or urgent urination. Missed menstrual periods, white vaginal discharge, and swelling or burning of the vagina have also occurred.
Before using natalizumab, patients may need to undergo imaging tests to help ensure safety. They should also disclose all other medical conditions, medications, and supplements. It is strongly recommended that patients avoid the use of natalizumab while pregnant or breastfeeding. Patients should discuss their history of any infections, including shingles. They must also avoid the use of vaccines without the approval of the prescribing physician.