Isosorbide-5-mononitrate is a generic medication commonly prescribed to patients who have coronary artery disease accompanied by angina, which is chest pain. This medication is intended for prevention purposes. It may be unable to ease symptoms once they occur, nor can it cure this condition. Isosorbide-5-mononitrate is a nitrate that works by allowing the blood vessels to relax and widen to improve blood circulation.
This medication works best when it is taken regularly, sometimes twice daily. Patients prescribed the chewable tablet may be instructed to take it every two to three hours, or before physical activity that may cause chest pain. Those who use the extended-release tablet will usually take it every eight to 12 hours. The sublingual tablets should be placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve thoroughly. Patients who are instructed to use the chewable tablets when chest pain has already started must get emergency medical care if chest pain is not relieved within 30 minutes and three tablets were used at 10-minute intervals.
Some side effects may occur with the use of isosorbide-5-mononitrate, which should be reported to the prescribing physician if they become bothersome. Many patients may experience headaches, which can indicate that the drug is taking effect. With the doctor's approval, a patient may take an over-the-counter pain reliever to treat mild headaches; however, severe headaches should be reported to the doctor immediately. Other side effects can include dizziness, lightheadedness, and flushing, as well as nausea.
More serious side effects require a doctor's immediate care. Some patients may experience an allergic reaction to isosorbide-5-mononitrate, which is typically indicated by swelling of the facial area, trouble breathing, and severe dizziness. Other serious side effects can include blurred vision, fainting, and dry mouth. A rapid or irregular heartbeat may also occur.
Before using isosorbide-5-mononitrate for angina treatment, patients must disclose their other medical conditions. As of 2011, it is unknown whether this drug may pass into breast milk. Women who are pregnant should avoid its use whenever possible. This drug may also be contraindicated for use by those who have low blood pressure, anemia, or other heart problems. The doctor should also be informed if the patient has had recent head trauma, glaucoma, or if any surgeries are planned.
Isosorbide-5-mononitrate may interact with other medications and supplements. Patients should disclose all of their other drugs, including aspirin, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers. It may also interact with vitamins, drugs to treat migraines, and medicines for erectile dysfunction (ED).
