Bipolar disorder, also called manic-depressive illness, can be difficult to diagnose. There is no single test that a doctor can perform for a definite answer. Rather, a physician will typically first rule out other possible causes of the patient's symptoms. If no other physical illness or mental disorder can be determined, the patient may have a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. It is likely that the patient will meet with both a doctor and a psychiatrist for evaluation.
Patients usually undergo screenings, such as x-rays as well as blood and urine tests, to rule out other possible conditions. Some medical problems can produce the same symptoms as a mental disorder. For example, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) can cause depression and suicidal thoughts. Lupus, diabetes, and epilepsy, as well as brain tumors, may also cause symptoms similar to bipolar disorder. In some cases, a patient who behaves as if he has a mental disorder may be suffering from too much or too little sodium in the body.
Along with testing for other medical conditions, a doctor will also usually perform a complete physical examination for the diagnosis of bipolar. He will also consider the family's medical history. While the exact cause of this disorder is unknown, it is more likely to occur in patients with a family history of the condition.
The patient should fully disclose all past illnesses he has had to the doctor, as well as the medications he is taking or has taken in the past. Some medications may cause similar symptoms, which further complicates an accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder. These medications include steroid drugs for inflammatory diseases. Such products may cause depression and mood swings.
It is also essential for the doctor to have a complete and accurate list of the patient's symptoms. A diagnosis of bipolar disorder also requires consideration of the patient's behaviors, including typical sleep patterns, as well as psychological symptoms. Some common behavioral indicators may include restlessness, suicidal thoughts, and changes in eating or sleeping habits. This disorder can also lead to severe mood swings.
Bipolar patients may experience mood changes that range from feeling extremely elated and energetic to depressed and apathetic. The first, upbeat type of mood is referred to as a manic episode. In contrast, a depressive episode occurs when the patient feels sad. Each episode may last for a few weeks. For the accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder, a physician will consider whether the patient's symptoms fit the typical pattern of this disorder.
If the symptoms concur, and the doctor can find no other possible causes, the patient may be diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Patients should carefully consider treatment options. While there is no cure, effective treatment generally includes both medication and psychotherapy.