Idiopathic Parkinson's is a progressive neurological disease seen primarily among older adults. People with this condition develop a distinctive stiff, shuffling gait along with tremors, and can eventually experience cognitive deficits such as dementia as the condition progresses. No cure had been developed as of 2010, although there are treatments available to manage the disease, and research is ongoing into Parkinson's disease in general, along with other forms of neurodegenerative disorders to learn more about their causes and develop effective treatments.
In the case of idiopathic Parkinson's, there is no known cause for the disease. Other forms of Parkinsonism have known causes such as exposure to neurological toxins and pollutants. In patients with this condition, the cells in the brain responsible for producing a neurotransmitter known as dopamine degrade. This neurotransmitter is critical for controlling movement, and the loss of dopamine-producing cells results in the development of a movement disorder.
By the time symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's appear, the cell damage can be quite advanced. The patient usually notices small tremors first, and then starts to develop difficulty walking and a stiff posture. Symptoms typically emerge after the patient turns 60, although it is possible for younger people to develop idiopathic Parkinson's. As the disease progresses, more brain function will be lost and the patient will have increasing difficulty with motor tasks in addition to experiencing cognitive decline.
Medications are available to treat idiopathic Parkinson's, and some patients also benefit from physical therapy. Therapy can help patients control their movements more effectively, as well as retain muscle control longer. In addition, patients can learn to use adaptive technology that will help them complete tasks more easily and comfortably. This includes everything from kitchen gadgets designed for people with weak grips to grabbing tools for people who cannot easily bend over to retrieve items.
A diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's can be frightening, as many patients are aware of the cognitive deficits that lie ahead. When diagnosed, it is important to meet with a neurologist to assess the progress of the cell damage and to discuss treatment options. New treatments are often in development and patients working with specialists can have access to clinical trials, as well as the latest advances in neurological medicine. People receiving regular care under a specialist will also be alerted when new developments are made and other options for treatment and management of their conditions become available.