Group cognitive therapy refers to several different therapies that emphasize the way people think and behave. These therapies work individually, but are adaptable for group settings. Most often, when people talk about group cognitive therapy, they are discussing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in a group setting. Sometimes, this term is used instead to describe other treatment modalities like dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), which takes some of its ideas from previous cognitive work.
When CBT or other behavioral therapies are practiced individually, the therapist works with the client to identify problems in the here and now, and to evaluate thinking that may influence how difficult it is to cope with a problem. Most people have errors of cognition or certain thinking patterns they repeat, which can worsen the problem instead of improving it. Identifying these thinking patterns or core thoughts can help identify ways in which a person can change. In a well-selected group, potential members are interviewed to identify some of these areas and also to determine how well each person will fit within a group.
CBT and other cognitive therapies have been empirically shown to be effective in treating issues like phobias, anxiety disorder, and depression. In one-to-one therapy, effectiveness hinges on the client’s desire to change and willingness to complete weekly homework. In a group setting, the same is required, but participants also have the benefit of viewing others undergoing the same process, which can help reduce feelings of isolation that might accompany mental issues.
As with cognitive therapy in individual settings, group cognitive therapy is time limited. People may attend sessions for 12 weeks or less. Most experts in this field suggest the ideal group should be no bigger than six people, should have an even distribution of genders, and should be led by two therapists. In reality, many groups are larger, may only be led by single therapist, and may not be evenly distributed among the genders. Also, some groups, like those led in mental facilities or day treatment centers, don’t last for multiple weeks and members of the group don’t remain static. In this latter type, the focus is usually on teaching basic CBT or DBT skills, and doesn’t progress to the point where treatment becomes highly individualized.
The more traditional setting for group cognitive therapy, especially when group members are pre-interviewed and limited, may have better results. Each member will have significant time to talk and process through how they view things, and homework is tailored to the precise needs of the group. In this manner, those who undergo group cognitive therapy are able to find the support and help they need to deal with ongoing issues. Those who find this treatment modality helpful may not require individual therapy, too, but some people work in a group and more intensely with a personal therapist.
Material covered depends on the focus and orientation of therapists. DBT is different than CBT. DBT leans heavily on mnemonics and places more focus on mindfulness. Some groups might run for longer periods of time to help those with very entrenched behavioral issues, like borderline personality disorder. Also some therapists synthesize material from CBT and DBT to best fit the group.
