A fentanyl transdermal system, also called a fentanyl skin patch, is a generic medication commonly prescribed to alleviate moderate to severe chronic pain that is not well controlled with other pain relievers. It is a narcotic pain reliever that is not intended for use by those who experience mild or acute pain, or pain following a surgical procedure. Candidates for the fentanyl transdermal system must have taken another narcotic pain reliever for at least one week before using fentanyl, because it is quite potent. Patients who have used similar medications will have built up a slight tolerance and should be aware that it can be habit-forming. It should not be abruptly discontinued, because it can cause withdrawal effects, such as hyperventilation, vomiting, and rapid heartbeat.
The fentanyl transdermal system is in the form of a patch to be applied to the skin every 72 hours. It should be applied to a hairless area of skin that is not in a crease or fold of skin, like an underarm. The skin must be cleansed with water only, and then dried. After the patient peels the protective liner off the patch, he may press it to the skin, sticky-side down, and hold it firmly for 30 seconds. He must then wash his hands well with only water, not soap.
Some side effects can occur while using the fentanyl transdermal system, which should be reported to the doctor if they become severe. These can include mood changes, memory problems, and dizziness. Hallucinations, weakness, and insomnia can also occur, along with sweating. Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite have been reported. Patients have also experienced skin irritation at the application site, stomach pain, and constipation.
More serious side effects require immediate medical attention. These can include chest pain, a rapid heartbeat, and fainting. Patients should go to the emergency room if they experience seizures, vision changes, or uncontrollable muscle movements. Some people have also begun to cough up blood while using a fentanyl skin patch.
Before using the fentanyl transdermal system, patients must disclose their other medical conditions. It should not be used by women who are nursing or pregnant. Those who have a history of psychiatric disorders or drug and alcohol abuse should not use this medication. It may also be contraindicated for use by those who have breathing problems, brain disorders, or stomach or intestinal problems.
Patients using the fentanyl transdermal system must avoid alcohol and grapefruit or grapefruit products, because these can worsen side effects. They must also disclose their other medications and supplements to avoid potentially life-threatening interactions. Fentanyl patches can interact with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) taken in the previous two weeks, naltrexone, and other narcotic medications. It can also interact with cold or allergy medicines, muscle relaxants, or medications for nausea.
