Ectrodactyly is a birth defect that causes malformation of the hands and/or feet. In many cases, the middle finger or middle toe is missing, and the two fingers or toes to the right and left of the missing finger are fused together, although there may be other deformities. This has led to the condition being called "lobster claw syndrome," but many people who have this condition find the term extremely disrespectful.
Currently, there are several treatments that may normalize the appearance of the hands, yet they will not function precisely the same way as regularly formed ones. Early physical and occupational therapy can help individuals adapt, and learn to write, pick things up, and be fully functional. Stigma from this condition remains, however, since the hands do not appear normal, and some people with it use prosthetic hands to avoid the stares of others.
Ectrodactyly is relatively rare, occurring about once in 90,000 births. It does have several types, and all of them are genetic. Those who have it or have children with the condition are at increased risk for passing it onto future children.
The most common type is specifically linked to the mutation of the seventh chromosome. Geneticists found the condition to occur in both humans and insect populations directly because of the mutated chromosome. As yet, there is no way to prevent the mutation of the chromosome, which can be inherited from either parent.
This condition may be present alone, or may be part of a number of birth defects. Hand deformation alone is unlikely to affect a person's health, but as part of a syndrome, such as Ectrodactyly, Ectodermal Dysplasia-Cleft (EEC) syndrome, health can be significantly affected.
In EEC, the hand deformity is accompanied by cleft palate and malformation of the sweat glands. Medical interventions are required to help preserve the skin that suffers from the lack of sweat glands and becomes brittle. Surgical repair is also required on the palate. Those undergoing repair often require lengthy speech therapy as well as physical therapy.