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What Is Dark Therapy?

By Synthia L. Rose
Updated: May 17, 2024
Views: 9,502
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Dark therapy is a branch of chronotherapeutics that uses the absolute absence of light to improve psychological health and re-adjust circadian rhythms, specifically the sleep-wake cycle. Functions of the human body naturally follow a 24-hour cyclical period that mirrors the sunrise-sunset pattern; when too much stimuli disturbs this rhythm, insomnia, depression, and mood swings can result. People with mania, schizophrenia, or bi-polar disorder are especially susceptible to skewed circadian rhythms and can have their conditions worsened by body clock disruptions. By blocking blue light, which is a potent, visible, short-wavelength light, dark therapy can restore the body to its natural rhythm, often within three days.

Giving the sky its characteristic blue hue, blue light radiates in wavelengths that reach 468 nm. This light, more than any other light in the entire spectrum, can stifle the body’s production of melatonin, a hormone that induces the feeling of sleepiness. Studies show that blue light’s negative effect on melatonin is the primary factor the shifts circadian rhythms and diminishes the ability to sleep. The goal of dark therapy is to remove blue light for at least 10 hours to 12 hours a day for several days, allowing the pineal gland to increase the body’s production of melatonin and re-associate slumber with darkness and sunset.

Therapy often takes place in a window-less, lamp-less room with no surfaces capable of reflecting light. Patients are shrouded in pitch blackness to induce sleep, usually around the time of sunset. In the absence of a dedicated, pitch-black dark therapy room, patients may be given special glasses or goggles with yellow lenses capable of filtering out blue light. Blocking the eyes from any light is crucial since the retina of the eye, upon detecting light or the absence of light, sends messages to the hypothalamus region of the brain, which regulates the body’s sleep-wake cycle.

Considered the antithesis of light therapy, dark therapy is often practiced in conjunction with light therapy, which uses bright artificial light to mimic sunlight and uplift moods. Candidates for dark therapy include those with psychiatric disorders as well as those suffering from mild circadian rhythm disturbances like long-distance travelers suffering from jet lag or new mothers whose body rhythms have been interrupted by the demands of newborns and night feedings. Dark therapy may be administered for up to 14 days at a time in cases of severe disruption, such as is often the case with mania. Users of dark therapy report a range of benefits, including less anxiety, an end to depression, and more mental clarity. Some users are able to lower or end the use of prescribed antidepressants.

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Discussion Comments
By Ana1234 — On Mar 01, 2014

@Iluviaporos - Likewise, remember that a lot of computers emit a lot of blue light. People might wonder why they can't sleep at night, but it might be because they just spent two hours on a computer and then expect their minds to be able to just shut off in a few minutes.

By lluviaporos — On Mar 01, 2014

@pleonasm - It's also useful to remember that blue light can be used in the opposite way. If you are jet lagged or trying to get used to a different sleep schedule it can be really helpful to use blue light to make yourself feel more awake and alert when you need to be.

After a long flight overseas, if you arrive in daytime the best thing you can do is take a long walk outside so your body gets used to the rhythms of the new country.

By pleonasm — On Feb 28, 2014

This can be helpful to everyone, not just people who are suffering from severe disruptions. If you have trouble sleeping or if you still feel tired when you wake up you might want to try getting blackout curtains and removing all sources of light from your room while you try to sleep.

You should also attempt to get to bed early and wake up early so that you roughly follow the sunset and sunrise. It won't be perfect, because of course it changes a lot during the year and you might not be able to be that flexible. But getting it close and keeping it consistent can help a lot.

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