Darbepoetin alfa is given to patients with anemia that is caused by chronic kidney failure or chemotherapy. Anemia is a condition in which the patient does not have sufficient levels of red blood cells. This medication is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA), which works by stimulating the bone marrow to produce higher levels of red blood cells.
A patient may receive one dose of darbepoetin alfa every one to three weeks. The drug comes in prefilled syringes or a prefilled automatic injection device. It is given as an injection into a vein or under the skin, usually by a health care professional. The doctor may also decide that a patient can administer the doses at home, in which case the patient or caregiver will be carefully trained to perform the injection safely. There is no form of this medication that may be taken orally.
Darbepoetin alfa injections may be given in the upper arms, the middle of the thighs, or in the stomach. The injection should never be administered to an area of skin that is broken, red, or otherwise abnormal. It may take two to six weeks, or even longer, before the patient's red blood cell count rises. While this medication can help control anemia, it is not a cure for this condition.
Patients may notice some side effects from the use of darbepoetin alfa. These can include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, as well as constipation. Stomach pain, headache, and joint or muscle aches may occur. Some patients may notice redness, bruising, or swelling at the injection site.
Other side effects are potentially serious and require a doctor's immediate care. These may include a widespread skin rash, itching, and pale skin. Problems breathing, hoarseness, and wheezing can occur. Fever, chills, and cough have been reported and are signs of a possible infection. Some patients may have swelling in the extremities, facial area, or lower legs, as well as an inability to properly regulate body temperature.
The doctor will likely provide dietary recommendations for anemic patients, in addition to their drug treatment plans. Patients will need to consume certain amounts of iron-rich foods or take an iron supplement, as advised by their doctors. Darbepoetin alfa will only be effective if the body has sufficient iron. Patients who suffer from chronic kidney failure will likely be given additional dietary guidelines.
Before prescribing darbepoetin alfa, the doctor should be aware of any other medical conditions the patient has. High blood pressure, a blood disorder, or a seizure disorder may preclude a person from using these injections. Patients should also disclose other medications and supplements they are taking.