Chondromalacia patella refers to a medical condition that indicates cartilage damage under the kneecap. Another term for this condition is patellofemoral pain. Typically, chondromalacia patella is caused by overuse, injury, or muscle weakness. It is often diagnosed in young adults, however, it can affect any age group. In the older adult, this condition may be caused by arthritis, which causes a loss of the shock-absorbing properties of the cartilage. In addition, weak hip muscles or poor-fitting shoes may be a cause.
Although chondromalacia patella can occur for many reasons, there may be risk factors associated with this condition. Generally, these risk factors include being a runner or other athlete, being a woman, and having sustained injury or trauma to the patella, or kneecap. In addition, lower extremity malalignment and wearing shoes that are worn out or ill fitting can predispose a person to this condition. Sometimes individuals who have weak hip muscles may experience chondromalacia patella.
Common symptoms of chondromalacia patella include kneecap pain when walking up the stairs or kneeling down and knee pain upon arising after sitting for a period of time. Pain is typically dull, and is located in the front portion of the knee. In addition, a grinding or grating sensation can often be felt upon extension of the knee, however, the most prominent symptom is an increase in pain while walking up or down the stairs. Although patellofemoral pain syndrome is usually not disabling, it can be intrusive and require treatment.
Diagnosis of chondromalacia patella is usually based on the person's symptoms and physical examination. The physician may evaluate the knee's alignment and strength and may ask the patient to walk, squat, or jump. The examination may reveal knee tenderness and a grating sensation may be felt below the kneecap when the knee is extended. In addition, x-rays may be recommended to determine the extent of chondromalacia patella, and to rule out other conditions that may be contributing to the knee pain.
Typically, treatment for chondromalacia patella is with conservative measures. These measures include resting the knee, avoiding activities that induce pain, and taking pain relievers. In addition, special exercises and physical therapy may be beneficial by strengthening surrounding supporting muscles. In severe cases that produce intractable pain and immobility, surgical intervention such as arthroscopic surgery may be indicated. Non-surgical treatments however, are usually very effective in reducing pain and resultant immobility.
