Bivalirudin is a medication that helps prevent clots from forming in the blood vessels by reducing the ability of the blood to clot. It works by blocking the actions of thrombin, a natural substance found in the body that forms clots. Bivalirudin helps prevent heart attacks caused by these clots and also prevents blood vessels in the heart from closing. This medication is commonly prescribed along with aspirin. Patients will typically use it before undergoing blood vessel or heart procedures, like a coronary angioplasty or a coronary stent placement. It is an alternative to other blood thinners, such as heparin.
The only available form of bivalirudin is a solution that is injected into a vein by a health care professional. It is given shortly before the planned procedure. Before administering the injection, the health care professional will gently swirl the vial to mix the contents. He will inspect the solution for signs of discoloration to ensure safety. The needle will be placed into a vein, through which bivalirudin is injected. A slow infusion of the drug is continued throughout the medical procedure, and the doctor may order continued medication for four to 20 hours following the operation.
Patients expecting to receive bivalirudin should inform the doctor of all allergies or other medical conditions they have. Bivalirudin should not be administered to people with high, uncontrolled blood pressure, intestinal or stomach problems, and kidney or liver disease. A recent history of major surgery, stroke, or tumors may also preclude one from using it. The risk to an unborn or nursing baby is not yet established, as of 2011.
Bivalirudin may interact with other drugs. Patients should inform the doctor of all other medications and supplements they take. In addition, bivalirudin may interact with other commonly consumed products, such as vitamin A, green tea, and dong quai. The spices ginger and curcumin, as well as avocado, may also interact with it. Patients may need to stop taking chondroitin or coenzyme Q10 before receiving bivalirudin.
The doctor should be informed promptly if the patient experiences persistent bleeding, coughing up blood, or uncontrolled nosebleeds. Patients may also produce vomit that appears similar to coffee grounds. Chest pain, slurred speech, and vision problems may occur. Weakness on one side of the body, dizziness, and trouble breathing are also possible.
Other side effects are typically minor, however the doctor should be aware of them if they become severe. These can include headache, nausea, and unusual sweating. Excessive fatigue, joint pain, and heartburn may also occur.
