There are a few types of cancer considered to be asbestos-related cancer. Mesothelioma is the most common asbestos-related cancer, though lung and gastrointestinal cancers can also be caused by asbestos. Mesothelioma is caused by repeated exposure to asbestos fibers, which were commonly used in insulation. The cancer may not develop until years after asbestos exposure has occurred.
Although the exact reason why asbestos can lead to cancer has not been determined, there are some theories. Researchers believe the fibers in the asbestos may irritate the cells that line organs, such as the lungs and stomach. This can eventually lead to changes in how the cells divide, leading to tumor growth.
The most common type of mesothelioma develops in the lining of the lungs. It can also start in the lining of the abdominal cavity, which is known as peritoneum mesothelioma. Although less common, this asbestos-related cancer can also start in the pericardial membrane around the heart or the lining of the testicles.
Symptoms of mesothelioma vary depending on where it develops in the body. When it starts in the lining of the lungs, shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing may develop. If it starts in the abdominal lining, nausea, stomach pains, and weight loss may occur. Other possible symptoms include night sweats, fever, and tiredness.
Other types of asbestos-related cancers are lung cancer and gastrointestinal cancer. Lung cancer symptoms may include coughing up blood, fever, weight loss, and trouble breathing. Gastrointestinal cancer symptoms may include constipation or diarrhea, pain, and vomiting.
Diagnosis of asbestos-related cancer is made after a review of symptoms, medical exam, and certain tests. A chest x-ray, MRI, or CT scan may be used to check for tumors in the lungs or abdominal area. A biopsy of the tissue lining the lungs or abdominal area is also often done to check for the presence of cancer cells.
Treatment for asbestos-related cancer may vary depending on the extent of the cancer and type. For instance, lung cancer may be operable and treated with surgery. Chemotherapy is often used in all asbestos-related cancer treatment. Radiation therapy may also be recommended depending on tumor size and location.
The prognosis for asbestos-related cancer varies. Lung cancer and gastrointestinal cancer cases have a relatively better prognosis and may be cured if the disease is found in the earliest stages. Mesothelioma has a grimmer prognosis.
Currently, mesothelioma treatments are not curative. Chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation may be used to ease symptoms and prolong quality of life for as long as possible. Research is being done, and clinical trails are underway to develop cures for this type of cancer.
