Alfuzosin hydrochloride (HCl) is a medication used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, a swelling of the prostate. It is a type of drug classified as an antiadrenergic, which indicates that it decreases activity at receptors for the neurotransmitter epinephrine, also known as adrenaline. The name of specifically refers to the hydrochloride salt form of this medication, which allows it to exist as a stable molecule.
By blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors located in parts of the urinary tract, alfuzosin HCl causes certain muscles to relax. These muscles, located in the neck of the bladder, as well as the prostate, help to control the flow of urination. Therefore, alfuzosin HCl facilitates urination, even in the presence of a swollen prostate.
This medication is usually given in a dosage of 10 milligrams (mg) each day. The dose is taken all at once, after a meal. For optimal effects, and in order to minimize the potential for side effects, it should be taken around the same time each day.
Certain conditions may rule out the use of alfuzosin HCl in some patients. Individuals with severe liver damage, or low liver function, should not take this medication, due to difficulties in metabolizing, or breaking down, alfuzosin. Ketoconazole and certain other drugs that inhibit the liver enzymes that normally metabolize this drug may also prevent its use.
In addition to ketoconazole, there are other drugs that may interact with alfuzosin HCl. Diltiazem and certain other liver enzyme inhibitors do not interfere with the metabolism of this drug as much, but they may still prolong the action of this antiadrenergic. The antacid cimetidine may also inhibit liver enzymes and increase the duration and strength of this medication. Beta blockers like atenolol may increase the amount of alfuzosin in the blood, similarly increasing its potential effects, including side effects.
Like any medication, alfuzosin HCl can cause side effects in some patients. Headaches, fatigue, and dizziness are among the effects that most commonly result from the use of this drug. Usage may also increase the potential for infections of the upper respiratory tract.
Rarely, a drop in blood pressure resulting from changing posture, known as orthostatic hypotension, may potentially occur. For this reason, people taking alfuzosin should avoid sudden changes in position, particularly standing up after laying down for prolonged amounts of time. Patients should also be careful when driving or operating machinery until they get used to the effects of this drug, since it can cause dizziness or light-headedness.
