A peripheral angiogram is a medical imaging procedure performed by injecting contrast dye into the bloodstream and taking x-rays. It is done to show any blockages in the blood vessels that carry blood to the legs. Usually performed by a cardiologist, they are done on people such as those with peripheral artery disease or atherosclerosis, which is when the veins are narrowed or blocked by plaque, often seen in people with high cholesterol.
Peripheral angiograms are typically performed on an out-patient basis and can take between one and three hours. General anesthesia is not necessary but local anesthetic will be used at the area of the incision to minimize discomfort. Prior to the procedure, patients should not eat or drink anything.
Before starting the peripheral angiogram, the area in which the incision will be made, usually the groin but sometimes the elbow, will be cleaned. A local anesthetic is then injected and a tiny incision made, through which a hollow tube or catheter is pushed into the blood vessel. Contrast dye is then injected. This may give a warm, tingling sensation for a while. Previous hypersensitivity reaction or allergy to any dye should be discussed with the doctor prior to a peripheral angiogram.
The contrast dye allows the doctor to see the blood vessels on an x-ray that would otherwise not show them. Once the procedure is completed, the catheter is removed and pressure is applied to the incision to prevent bleeding. The patient will then be moved to a ward where they should remain lying down for about six hours to allow for normal coagulation and healing to begin.
During this period after the peripheral angiogram is completed, the patient may eat, and increasing fluid intake is encouraged. This will help the clearance of the residual contrast dye from the body. If pain is experienced, mild analgesia may be given during this time and for a day or two following the procedure, but this is often not necessary.
The cardiologist will use the peripheral angiogram to decide what treatment is necessary, if any. Treatment may include medication or further surgery, such as the insertion of a stent to widen the blood vessels and allow free flow of blood. After the procedure, no specific routines need to be followed other than keeping the area clean while it is healing. Should swelling or redness occur at the site, or a fever develop in the patient, urgent medical assistance should be sought.
