A heartburn ulcer develops when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, corrodes the esophageal lining and burns a hole through the lower section of the esophagus. The two most common symptoms are a severe burning sensation and chest pain, both which often are mistaken for being symptoms of a heart attack. Treatment varies, depending on the underlying cause, and it can be treated with proper medication and a change in lifestyle.
The creation of a heartburn ulcer begins with digestion. The digestive process starts with the chewing and mixing of food in the mouth with saliva. After the food is swallowed, it moves down the esophagus and into the stomach.
Hydrochloric acid in the stomach breaks down the food, turning it into a thin liquid that flows into the small intestine, where the nutrients are absorbed, and then into the large intestine, where waste is eliminated. It is the sphincter muscle located between the esophagus and stomach that controls the passage of the food to the stomach. A weak sphincter allows stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus, causing the heartburn. A hole in the lining of the esophagus then develops, and it is called a heartburn ulcer.
The diagnosis for a heartburn ulcer must be given by a medical professional. The physician will use an X-ray, an endoscopy or both to make the diagnosis. An endoscopy is a procedure in which a flexible tube with a camera on the end is passed down the throat and into the esophagus. The camera on the end of the tube will take pictures to see if an ulcer is present. After the heartburn ulcer formally has been diagnosed, the doctor will be able to prescribe treatment.
Treatment for a heartburn ulcer begins with stopping the acid reflux, causing the deterioration in the lining of the esophagus. This is done with either over-the-counter or prescription medication that will reduce the secretion of the stomach acid. Medication also can be given to strengthen the sphincter, which will prevent the reflux of the stomach acid.
A change in lifestyle also is required in order for a heartburn ulcer to heal and to prevent future ulcers from forming. Individuals that suffer from heartburn should lose weight, eat smaller meals more often during the day and avoid certain foods and activities, such as smoking, that can relax the esophageal sphincter and allow stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. Although the symptoms can be scary and painful, a heartburn ulcer is not only treatable, but future occurrences can be prevented.