A genital yeast infection occurs when a fungus, Candida albicans, grows out of control in the genital area. Although it is commonly thought of as a disease that only happens to women, men can get a genital yeast infection too, particularly if they have unprotected sex with an infected partner. Symptoms usually include an itchy rash of the penis, vulva, or vagina as well as discharge.
Candida albicans is a type of yeast that is typically present in the human body. Under normal circumstances, the population of Candida is kept under control by the body's population of beneficial bacteria. Certain factors can disrupt the healthy balance of yeast, leading to an infection. Taking a course of antibiotics, which can kill both harmful and helpful bacteria, may allow the yeast to increase in number.
Other factors can cause a genital yeast infection as well. A person who suffers from diabetes that is not controlled properly is more likely to get a yeast infection than a person who eats a lot of sweets. Changing hormone levels, such as when a woman is pregnant or taking birth control, can also trigger an infection. If a person has a disease such as leukemia or HIV that compromises the immune system, she may be more at risk for an infection as well.
The symptoms of a genital yeast infection are usually more obvious in women than in men. Some men may have an infection and not have any symptoms. A common symptom in women is a thick discharge. Men may also have a discharge. Both women and men can experience soreness when having sex or urinating as well as a burning, itching feeling.
Over the counter treatments, such as anti-fungal creams and suppositories, are available to treat yeast infections. Usually, over the counter treatment takes between three and seven days to work thoroughly. A person's doctor can also prescribe fluconazole, an anti-fungal oral medication. Fluconazole usually clears up the infection after one dose.
A genital yeast infection can be diagnosed by examining a sample of discharge under a microscope. A doctor will also examine the genital area, looking for signs of irritation and inflammation. If a person thinks she has a yeast infection, she should see her doctor to make sure the infection is not caused by something else. Taking anti-fungal medication to treat something that is not really yeast can lead to complications as well as reduce the effectiveness of the medication.
