Diazoxide is a prescription oral medication that is used to control blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes or another hypoglycemic condition. The drug works by inhibiting the release of regulating hormones from the pancreas, thereby normalizing blood sugar. Diazoxide comes in liquid and capsule form and is intended to be taken daily in dosages determined by a physician. An individual who has been diagnosed with hypoglycemia can speak with his or her doctor to decide if diazoxide is a good option to help manage symptoms.
Hypoglycemia is a common health problem in which blood glucose levels are unusually low. In many cases, the reason for low blood sugar is an elevated level of a hormone called insulin in the bloodstream. When diazoxide is taken, it is absorbed into the blood and transported to the pancreas. It binds to proteins to block the production and release of insulin, which helps to preserve existing levels of glucose in the body.
Physicians determine dosing amounts and frequencies based on their patients' existing conditions, ages, weights, and overall health. Most patients are instructed to take one or two capsules a day with meals. In liquid form, diazoxide is usually taken in three equal doses over the course of a day. Doctors typically administer small initial doses to check for potentially dangerous reactions, and then gradually increase amounts over the course of several weeks until the optimal dosage is reached. Occasionally, diazoxide is given via intravenous injections as a means to regulate dangerously high blood pressure in hospitalized patients.
Lasting side effects are uncommon when diazoxide is taken exactly how it is prescribed by a doctor. A patient may experience a mild headache, dizzy spells, or nausea shortly after taking a dose. Some people experience decreases in urinary flow, increased appetites, and weight gain. It is possible to experience an allergic reaction to the medication that results in a widespread skin rash and difficulties breathing. Reactions and abnormal chest pains should be evaluated as soon as possible at an emergency room to prevent serious complications.
Patients are generally instructed to regularly monitor their blood sugar levels using blood or urine test kits provided by their doctors. In addition, physicians often schedule periodic office visits to determine how well the drug is working and if dosages should be adjusted. If the medicine is not as effective as a doctor expects, he or she can discuss alternative drugs and treatment measures to better manage hypoglycemia symptoms.
