A cataract extraction is a surgical procedure in which the cloudy lens of the eye is replaced with a new artificial lens. In a healthy eye, the clear lens is behind the iris, the colored part of the eye. The lens allows light rays to pass through the eye and focus on the retina at the back of the eye. Protein and water make up the lens and if the protein starts to clump, cloudy patches form in the lens. These cloudy patches are known as cataracts.
Cataracts can develop as people get older. They can cause changes in vision ranging from blurred vision to blindness. When cataracts interfere with daily activities, the patient may want to consider a cataract extraction.
Prior to the cataract extraction surgery, an eye doctor, or ophthalmologist, will take measurements of the cornea and the eyeball. This is done so the ophthalmologist can select the new artificial lens. If the patient wears eyeglasses prior to the surgery, he or she would still need glasses afterward but the prescription may change.
During the cataract extraction, the patient will likely be given a local anesthetic. The area around the eye will be cleaned with antiseptic and a drape will be used to cover the face. Two of the most common methods of cataract extraction surgery are a manual extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and phacoemulsification.
For the manual ECCE procedure, a 0.19-0.23 inch (5-6 mm) incision is made at the edge of the cornea and the old lens is removed through the incision. A new foldable acrylic lens is inserted and unfolded in place. The surgeon will make a few stitches to close the incision. Phacoemulsification involves the use of an ultrasound probe to break up the old lens and vacuum the pieces out of the eye. The incision for this surgery is smaller and may not require any stitches.
Cataract extraction is done as an out-patient procedure and usually takes about an hour. The patient will not be able to drive home after the procedure and will need to have another person available to drive. An eye patch will be positioned over the eye for the first day to protect it. The surgeon will also prescribe antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops that are to be used four times per day for a few weeks. A clear eye shield will be provided that needs to be worn to cover the eye at night.
The patient will need to be examined the day after surgery and weekly thereafter until the eye has healed. It is recommended that the patient not take part in strenuous activity or heavy lifting for at least several days after surgery. Most patients experience a significant improvement in vision after a cataract extraction.
