A cancer gene is a part of an individual's genetic information that can lead to uncontrolled cellular growth in various parts of the body. Genes are the units that contain genetic data in living organisms; such genetic data is passed down through generations. As such, if a parent has a gene that increases his likelihood of getting cancer, it is possible that he will pass that gene down to his child or children. A cancer gene can lead to cancer in a few different ways; usually they only increase the likelihood of one getting cancer as opposed to directly causing cancer.
Cancer has a few different traits that cause it to be as deadly as it is and that lead scientists to seek greater understanding of the genetic causes of cancer. If such causes can be fully understood, it could be possible to fix the problem before it presents itself. Cancer causes the uncontrolled growth of cells, which invade and destroy the area of healthy cells. Occasionally, cancerous growths can travel through blood or through lymph to completely different parts of the body.
A cancer gene can be passed down through generations of people affecting some and passing over others. Who is affected depends on the genetic makeup of each member of the family. In many cases, the genetic information is recessive and will only present itself if both parents possess the specific cancer gene. In some other cases, only one parent needs to possess the cancer gene for it to be passed on to offspring. Having such a gene does not guarantee that one will get cancer, but it typically does increase the risk significantly.
Scientists are working on testing genes for cancer through a variety of methods. Some tests are simple visual tests for mutations in the DNA, and others involve proteins and complicated chemical reactions to check for mutations. In some cases, a cancer gene is not passed down from parents but is caused by some environmental factor that leads to mutated DNA. Radiation, for example, can cause mutations in the genetic information that can lead to cancer.
Gene therapy is an experimental method of treating cancer that involves introducing genetic material that resists or fights cancer to those who are affected by cancer. The genes are administered by special viruses that can effectively deliver the genetic information where it is needed. While measures are taken to ensure that gene therapy, from the alteration of genetic information to the use of viruses, is safe, there are still many risks. Manipulating genes can lead to further mutation and viruses can get out of control and do more harm than good. Gene therapy does have some promise in the area of fighting cancer, though.
