The cost of a bone scan can depend on a number of factors including the type of scan needed, where it is performed, and whether the patient has any special health considerations. When a doctor or medical professional recommends a bone scan, he or she will usually specify what kind of scan is required and the patient can get an estimate of the cost. Insurance companies may need to pre-approve certain types of scans and if patients aren't sure about the insurance company's policy, they can ask before the scheduled test takes place.
During the procedure, the patient receives an injection of a contrast material which can be traced as it moves through the body with the assistance of a gamma camera. Typically patients need to wait approximately four hours after the injection before undergoing the test, which takes around one hour. This differs from a bone density test, performed using dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA). The DEXA test looks solely at bone density, while a bone scan checks for lesions and other abnormalities in the bone.
One issue with the cost of a bone scan is the type of technology needed. For imaging in some areas of the body, the doctor may recommend positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), both of which can increase cost overall. The cost of a bone scan with a basic gamma camera setup is lower because it requires less work from the technician, and less specialized equipment. Insurance companies often require preauthorization for a SPECT test.
Another factor in the cost of a bone scan can be location. Costs for testing can vary both between facilities and regions. Patients may want to consider shopping around before they schedule a scan, to determine if it is possible to save money by using a different facility. Urban areas tend to offer less costly medical imaging in general, because of the larger patient base. Patients with insurance may also want to get a list of authorized medical imaging providers, as the insurance may not pay for the scan if it does not take place at a partner facility.
The overall health of the patient can also be a key factor in the cost of a bone scan. Patients who are unwell may require more monitoring and care during a bone scan, which can increase the expense. This could include an anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist to manage the patient's airway, an attendant to enable communication, and other specialists. Paying these health care providers can add to the final cost of the scan, especially if the patient develops complications during the test and needs emergency treatment.