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What Causes Numbness and Tingling?

By Michael Smathers
Updated: May 17, 2024
Views: 14,384
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Numbness and tingling in the body can be a sign of a much more serious disease. The sensation, or lack thereof, is most commonly associated with a loss in circulation, such as a foot going to sleep. Depending on the location and severity of the numbness, it may indicate a potentially life-threatening condition. Typically, problems with tingling or numbness can indicate one of several conditions: multiple sclerosis, poor circulation or a pinched nerve. If either sensation persists for a prolonged period, medical attention should be sought as soon as possible.

Multiple sclerosis — one underlying cause of numbness and tingling — occurs when myelins, the fatty sheaths around neurons, are damaged. The myelin sheaths act as an insulator and ensure the smooth transmission of electrical impulses. A neuron with a damaged myelin is comparable to an electrical wire with frayed insulation; prone to short circuits.

In those with multiple sclerosis, the nerves stop transmitting impulses as efficiently. The damage to myelin comes from inflammation caused by the body's own immune system. Sensations of numbness and tingling indicative of this condition can be felt especially in the arms and legs.

If the circulatory system is incapable of sending blood to the extremities, numbness and tingling can result. Without an adequate blood supply, the nerves cannot send information to the brain. Poor circulation can be caused by a buildup of fatty plaque in the arteries, poor nutrition, or a blood clot. Without proper nutrition, capillaries can break down, preventing blood from making a complete trip through the body. Other causes of poor circulation include a weakening heart muscle due to aging.

A pinched nerve can also cause numbness and tingling. Pressure on the nerve, such as from carpal tunnel syndrome in the wrists or a herniated disk in the spine, prevents electrical impulses from traveling along the nerve. Diagnosis of this condition is based upon information provided about the severity and location of the symptoms. An X-ray may also be used to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome or possible hairline fractures.

Staying in one position for prolonged periods, as when sitting at a computer, can cause numbness and tingling because the muscles are inactive. Periodic stretching and walking breaks keep the body's circulation active. Carpal tunnel syndrome can also be prevented by taking breaks from prolonged typing. Another way to prevent these symptoms is eating a diet high in fruits and vegetables, and low in cholesterol. Regular physical checkups are also beneficial.

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Discussion Comments
By alel — On May 09, 2015

Should I have concerns? Six months ago I had a TIA. I still get numbness above my eyes and down the right hand side of my face.

By fBoyle — On Feb 14, 2013

@turkay1-- Do you have diabetes?

Diabetes doesn't directly cause numbness and tingling but neuropathy, or damage to the nervous system can. This occurs after years of living with diabetes. Abnormally high blood sugar levels start to damage the vascular system leading to circulation problems. This is why diabetes has to be well controlled.

Feet and leg numbness and tingling may occur from poor blood circulation. Diabetics have to be very careful about these symptoms and seek treatment. If left untreated, diabetic neuropathy can even result in amputations.

By SarahGen — On Feb 13, 2013
I get facial numbness and tingling when I have an anxiety attack. I think it might have to do with hyperventilation and lack of oxygen but I'm not sure.

When I have an anxiety attack, I feel like I can't breathe and start to hyperventilate. Within a few minutes, my hands, arms, legs and feet start to get numb and tingly. Eventually my face also becomes numb and tingly.

It's very scary and although I don't lose consciousness, I do end up on the floor because of these symptoms. I feel like I'm losing control of my body.

By candyquilt — On Feb 13, 2013

Can anyone tell me about diabetes as a cause of numbness and tingling in hands, legs and feet? Why does this happen?

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