Treatments for panic disorder vary according to the philosophy of the mental health practitioner treating someone who suffers from panic disorder as well as the client's circumstances. In many cases, treatments may include psychotherapy, psychiatric drugs, or biofeedback. Those who suffer from panic attacks may need to try different approaches before finding a method or combination of treatments for panic disorder that helps them to manage and eventually reduce or eliminate their symptoms.
Some experts advise people who experience panic disorder symptoms, such as shortness of breath, chest pain, or a racing heart, to talk to their primary care physician prior to seeking mental health treatment. This is because some of these symptoms can be caused by other medical conditions that may be best treated by a medical doctor. If someone's doctor cannot find a physical reason for the symptoms, a psychiatrist or other mental health professional may be able to diagnose a panic disorder. Depending on the severity of the symptoms and other factors, the mental health professional may prescribe a course of treatment.
For many people, psychotherapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy, can be one of the most effective treatments for panic disorder. A good therapist can help a client recognize issues that trigger panic and anxiety and develop ways of self-calming so as to avoid panic attacks and symptoms of severe anxiety. In addition to self-soothing techniques, the therapist may be able to teach the client stress management skills or help the client address life circumstances that contribute to his distress. Some therapists may also recommend biofeedback, a treatment that involves allowing a client to view electronic measurements of his heart rate and breathing under certain circumstances so he can learn to control his physical responses to panic-inducing stimuli. By controlling his response, he may be able to prevent a cascade effect in which his physical response contributes to his panicked state.
In some cases, psychiatric medication may be prescribed to a client who does not respond well to psychotherapy or stress-management approaches. Drugs that might be used as treatments for panic disorder include antidepressants as well as anti-anxiety drugs. In many places, only a medical doctor can prescribe these drugs and supervise their use, though doctors often work together with psychologists and other mental health professionals to provide a comprehensive approach to treatment. As the symptoms of panic disorder begin to wane or become more manageable, medication may be scaled back or discontinued in favor of non-medical treatments.