Symptoms of a penicillin allergy can present in varying degrees of severity, depending upon just how allergic an individual is to the drug. Some people simply have a skin reaction to penicillin, which tends to present as a rash that can occur anywhere on the body; though this is a mild reaction, it is still an indication that one should not be taking the drug. A more severe allergy will likely cause hives and itching, as well as a swollen tongue or lips. Anaphylactic shock is also possible with a severe penicillin allergy, which causes more severe swelling of the tongue and throat as well as a significant drop in blood pressure and dizziness, among other symptoms. This can be fatal if not quickly treated.
Because a rash is one of the most common symptoms of a penicillin allergy or even just a simple reaction, it is important to be vigilant and to keep an eye out for this after starting the drug. It will not take long to appear, typically within a few hours. Even though a simple rash is likely not life threatening, it is still important to contact the prescribing doctor and let him or her know that allergy symptoms are appearing. The doctor will generally need to change the prescription to a different antibiotic.
More moderate symptoms tend to resemble the body's response in other allergic reactions, and include a more extensive rash, often presenting as itchy hives. It is likely that the lips and tongue will begin to swell, which may worsen in a more severe allergy; itchy eyes may also occur. Some people will also experience wheezing, which is another sign that the allergic reaction is worsening. Immediately stop taking the drug and call the doctor for advice if any of these symptoms of a penicillin allergy begin to appear.
In the most severe cases of an allergic reaction to penicillin, an anaphylactic reaction can occur. The lips, tongue, and throat will swell, and breathing will become difficult or impossible. Nausea and vomiting may also occur. This, combined with a drop in blood pressure, a rapid heartbeat, and a feeling of dizziness, often leads to a loss of consciousness. All of this can occur in the span of a few minutes, and it is fatal if it is not immediately treated with epinephrine. Anyone experiencing these symptoms should receive emergency treatment.
