The main causes of a kidney infection stem from the introduction of bacteria into the kidneys. Medically known as pyelonephritis, kidney infections can occur when harmful bacteria gain access to one or both kidneys via the urinary tract. Bacteria usually enter the urinary tract through the urethra, a tube connecting the bladder with the genital area. Kidney infection is not very common, but the consequences can range from mild and barely noticeable to severe and life threatening.
Improper cleansing and wiping of the genitals is one of the most typical causes of a kidney infection, especially for women. In the female anatomy, the urethra is a short distance from the anus. Poor hygiene can allow bacteria from fecal matter to go into the urethra, providing access to the bladder or kidneys. Women have a shorter urethra than men, giving bacteria a shorter distance to travel into the kidneys.
Since bacteria are the primary causes of a kidney infection, prevention is possible by eliminating the chances for bacteria to enter the urinary tract and kidneys. This can be accomplished with adequate cleansing of the genital areas. Women should take special care to keep fecal matter away from the urethra.
Sexually transmitted diseases and autoimmune conditions can also be causes of a kidney infection. STDs may introduce infectious bacteria into the urinary tract, which can lead to urinary tract infection and kidney infection. Autoimmune disorders impair the body’s ability to fight infection, and those with such disorders are more prone to all types of bacterial infection, including kidney infection.
In rare cases, kidney stones can be one of the causes of a kidney infection. Kidney stones sometimes impair kidney function by obstructing the flow of urine from the bladder. The inability to completely empty the bladder can lead to bacterial infection. An enlarged prostate gland is another obstruction that may lead to kidney infection.
The symptoms of a kidney infection can be very mild and usually begin with burning during urination. A sharp or stabbing pain in the lower back may also indicate a kidney or urinary tract infection. Medical professionals use urine and blood tests to diagnose a kidney infection.
Doctors prescribe oral antibiotics to treat a kidney infection. A mild bacterial infection usually clears up within two weeks. In rare instances and depending on the severity of the kidney infection, treatment may require a hospital stay. The most severe infections can lead to kidney failure if left untreated.
