Temozolomide is a medicine often prescribed to slow the growth of the cells responsible for brain cancer. Though this can be a big help in stopping the spread of cancer to the rest of the body, patients should be prepared for some side effects. For example, symptoms of stomach irritation, including diarrhea and constipation, may occur for some people. Other minor temozolomide side effects may include hair loss, headaches and fatigue. Some patients suffer from more serious side effects, such as difficulty breathing, seizures and signs of infection.
Some of the most common temozolomide side effects involve the stomach area, and nausea and vomiting may occur. Patients may lose their appetite as a result, leading to weight loss in many cases. Constipation and diarrhea tend to be additional complications that may show up for patients taking this cancer medication. In most cases, these side effects are considered minor but, if they seem to get worse or adversely affect the patient's life, a doctor should be contacted. Vomiting and diarrhea, in particular, may be considered dangerous if they persist for several days, because dehydration may occur; again, patients with these issues are encouraged to tell their doctor.
Other temozolomide side effects may involve the entire body and should be mentioned to a doctor when possible, though they are not typically considered severe. For example, many patients feel tired and dizzy while taking this medication, though it may be hard to fall asleep. Patients also may suffer from blurry vision, an abnormal taste in the mouth and hair loss. If patients are bothered by these symptoms, their doctor may be able to switch them to a different medication, but people are generally placed on temozolomide because the benefits usually outweigh the side effects.
There are, however, some temozolomide side effects that are serious — or even life-threatening — and they usually call for immediate medical care. This drug tends to lower the effectiveness of the immune system, so signs of infection — such as a fever, flu symptoms or burning during urination — may occur. Other serious temozolomide side effects may include swelling in the feet, unusual bruising and bleeding, and unexplained sores in the mouth. Some people become numb, especially on one side of the body, or even go into convulsions after taking this medication. Patients who are allergic to temozolomide may have trouble breathing and often notice a rash, itchy skin and extreme dizziness.
