Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic conditions that can cause a number of uncomfortable and sometimes debilitating symptoms. Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and other forms of the disorder lead to progressively worsening inflammation and scarring in the colon. The most common inflammatory bowel disease symptoms include frequent cramps, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Long-term complications such as weight loss, abscesses, anemia, and blood pressure issues can result without treatment. Most patients find relief from inflammatory bowel disease symptoms with prescription drugs, though surgery is necessary in some cases to ease discomfort.
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis typically present mild symptoms for many months or years and gradually worsen over time. In some instances, however, inflammatory bowel disease arises suddenly as acute tissue irritation leaves the large intestine and rectum swollen and scarred. Mild inflammatory bowel disease symptoms may include occasional stomach cramps, abdominal pain, and soft or dark stools. Some people develop fevers and fatigue during episodes of abdominal discomfort.
Diarrhea is one of the most prevalent signs of worsening inflammatory bowel disease. The condition can become so bad that a person has several dozen bloody bowel movements a day. Fluid loss from chronic diarrhea can lead to dehydration, leaving an individual feeling weak and feverish. Many people experience flu-like symptoms as their conditions worsen, suffering from chills, nausea, headache, and joint pain.
In time, frequent inflammatory bowel disease symptoms can lead to significant malnutrition and weight loss. With a compromised gastrointestinal tract and considerable blood loss in stools, a person can become anemic or experience an abnormal heart rate. Cysts, fistulas, or abscesses can develop in the rectum or colon as inflammation continues to wear away tissue, presenting a serious concern for physicians.
A person who experiences inflammatory bowel disease symptoms should visit his or her doctor to receive an accurate diagnosis. A physician can evaluate symptoms, perform blood tests, and take a computerized tomography scan of the bowels. In order to confirm the presence of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, the doctor may need to closely inspect internal tissue with an endoscope. Treatment measures depend on the severity of symptoms and the extent of damage to the colon.
Most cases of inflammatory bowel disease can be managed with corticosteroids, a healthy diet, and frequent checkups. While problems may occasionally return, medical care can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of episodes. Patients who have serious complications may need to undergo surgical procedures to remove part or all of their colons. Symptom relief is almost guaranteed following surgery.
