Stimulants, which are also sometimes called psycho-stimulants, are drugs that are meant to create a temporary improvement of a person’s mental or physical abilities. They are sometimes casually referred to as “uppers.” One of the hallmark effects of stimulants is increased alertness. These drugs are often defined in contrast to depressants, which have the opposite effects.
There are numerous types of medical, developmental, and mental conditions that can be treated with stimulants, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, schizophrenia, and narcolepsy. They can sometimes create a sense of well-being and euphoria, and because of this, they are key ingredients of some illegal drugs. Cocaine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine, which is more commonly referred to as ecstasy, both include stimulants.
One of the most common sources of these drugs are caffeinated beverages such as coffee, tea, and some sodas. Anyone who has ever had a strong cup of coffee in the morning and shortly thereafter had an acutely increased sense of wakefulness has already experienced the effects of stimulants. Another common source is nicotine, which is found in tobacco. Paradoxically, the effects can be both an increase and a decrease in anxiety. Most tobacco users find that the stimulants in nicotine reduce their anxiety levels.
Stimulants work by increasing the activity in the central and the peripheral nervous system. In addition to alertness, they may also increase the user's physical endurance, sexual arousal, motivation to accomplish tasks, and ability to stay awake. Heart rate and blood pressure also rise.
These drugs can decrease the sense of hunger, so they are sometimes used by dieters to curb their appetites. They can also decrease a person's sense of fatigue, which is why people who are trying to stay awake despite sleepiness sometimes take certain pills or drink caffeinated beverages.
It is important to note that stimulants cannot stave off hunger and fatigue indefinitely, but only temporarily. Also, ingesting too many stimulants can have negative or harmful effects. It is important for people with cardiovascular conditions to be cautious when taking any drugs or consuming drinks that contain them. Individuals with these conditions should consult with a healthcare professional before using stimulants of any kind.
