Septic shock is a potentially fatal complication of a severe infection. The immune system becomes overwhelmed by the infection and induces body-wide inflammation. The resulting damage to body tissues, organs, and blood vessels can lead to a sudden, sharp drop in blood pressure and result in septic shock. Immediate septic shock treatment is vital to raise blood pressure and stop further tissue damage. The type of septic shock treatment needed depends on the patient's specific symptoms and complications, but most people need mechanical ventilation, intravenous (IV) antibiotics, drugs for blood pressure and inflammation, and possibly surgery to remove the infectious source.
Many patients who are admitted to the emergency room with septic shock require lifesaving breathing treatment. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation may be necessary, followed by the administration of a breathing tube. A mechanical ventilator helps to deliver fresh oxygen to the lungs and control inhaling and exhaling in patients who are unable to do so on their own. Oxygen therapy is typically given until breathing is stabilized, which may take anywhere from a few minutes to several days.
Restoring blood pressure is another important element of septic shock treatment. IV infusions of adrenaline and dopamine stimulate the central nervous systems and circulatory systems in patients who are crashing from inadequate blood flow. Compounds called isotonic crystalloids help to constrict blood vessels and raise blood pressure. In order to stop inflammation and prevent further damage to organs, a patient may also receive corticosteroids and immune system suppressants.
Ongoing septic shock treatment once the patient is stable is targeted at eliminating the underlying cause. High-strength IV antibiotics are essential in stopping the spread of bacteria in the body. Blood tests are used to identify the specific bacteria involved so doctors can be sure to give the right type of antibiotics. A patient usually needs to undergo diagnostic imaging tests so specialists can look for abscesses, lesions, and other initial sources of bacterial infection.
If an abscess is discovered, it is immediately drained or removed surgically. Many deep abscesses require needle aspiration to remove pus and bacteria from the site. If a lesion is on the skin or away from major organ systems, a surgeon may choose to excise it entirely. Doctors continue to administer septic shock treatment for several days in an intensive care ward until they are sure that bacteria are completely eradicated. In many cases, a lengthy hospital stay is necessary to recover from complications.