Nephrotic syndrome is a condition in which high levels of protein are funneled through the body without being absorbed and are excreted in an individual's urine. Some symptoms of nephrotic syndrome are impossible to see with the naked eye, and include excreting urine that contains these high levels of proteins. Some signs can indicate there is something wrong, however; these can include the development of edema, weight gain, and changes in appetite.
When proteins are not properly absorbed into the body, the body can have trouble processing and excreting fluids. Disruption of this process can result in a buildup of fluid in the body. This usually manifests itself as edema, which occurs when extra fluids are stored instead of being passed out of the body. The extremities can show signs of swelling, especially around the ankles. Fluids can also settle in the abdomen and face.
Stored fluid in the body can also result in water weight gain, which results in the individual feeling bloated and uncomfortable. Typically, this is most noticeable when there has been no other change in an individual's lifestyle or diet. Changes in an individual's appetite can also occur, however. Some individuals may experience a loss in appetite, and eating less can make the weight gain that much more noticeable.
When proteins pass through the urine, they can react with substances they come in contact with. This can result in the buildup of foam in the water of the toilet if the condition remains active for some time. In newer developing cases, the urine itself can take on a distinctly foamy appearance, making this one of the most noticeable symptoms of nephrotic syndrome.
With the development of any of these symptoms of nephrotic syndrome, a medical professional will typically order a routine exam of the individual's urine. Those with nephrotic syndrome will typically have elevated levels of protein in the urine, as well as unusual levels of fatty substances. Blood tests can also be done to aid in the diagnosis, and symptoms that point to nephrotic syndrome can include a spike in cholesterol levels.
Many of the symptoms of nephrotic syndrome can also go undetected until an individual is seen by a medical professional. Kidney disease, lupus, various heart conditions, and amyloidosis can all result in malfunctioning of the kidneys and the way they process proteins. The existence of any of these disorders can also be one of the symptoms of nephrotic syndrome, in that each makes the condition much more likely.
