There are various potential causes of septic shock, the most common of which is a widespread infection that has spread to the bloodstream from other areas of the body. Cancers of the blood, such as leukemia or lymphoma, as well as diseases which attack the immune system, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), are also possible causes of septic shock. Pneumonia, diabetes, and the long-term use of certain medications may also increase the risks of developing this complication. The lowered blood pressure caused by septic shock can quickly lead to organ failure and death, so hospitalization is required when a widespread infection is suspected.
Bacterial infections are the most common causes of septic shock, although viruses or fungi may occasionally contribute to inflammation and infection of the blood. Sepsis is the medical term used to describe a widespread infection that has entered the bloodstream and places the patient at risk of developing septic shock. Pneumonia, kidney infections, and toxic shock syndrome are among the types of bacterial infections often responsible for sepsis.
Patients who have weakened immune systems face a higher risk of various types of infections, including sepsis. Leukemia and lymphoma are among the potential causes of septic shock. These cancers attack the blood cells, leaving the body vulnerable to infections that healthy people can normally fight quite easily. HIV and AIDS lead to a compromised immune system in much the same way as cancer. In fact, many people who die as a result of these conditions actually die due to complications caused by infection.
Lung infections such as pneumonia are common causes of septic shock, especially in those who are either very young or elderly. People who are otherwise healthy typically recover from these infections within a matter of weeks. Patients who have underdeveloped or compromised immune systems may have a more difficult time recovering from pneumonia, and the infection is more likely to spread to other parts of the body. The same is true for diabetics, especially if blood sugar levels have remained unstable for a prolonged period of time.
The extended use of certain medications may lead to sepsis in some situations. Steroid drugs are particularly well-known for having this side effect. Long-term antibiotic use is also believed to be among the possible causes of septic shock, as some people develop a tolerance for these medications over time. Regardless of the specific causes of septic shock, hospitalization is necessary so that proper treatment, including any necessary life support measures, can be implemented.
