There are many common factors that can be causes of deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, though all of them typically result in the same issues — damage to a blood vessel or reduction in blood flow through the veins which allows it to pool and clot. Certain types of surgery make development of a clot more likely, as do injuries that affect the veins or reduce blood flow. Prolonged periods of lying down or sitting can encourage the formation of DVT, as can pregnancy and childbirth. Some people may be predisposed to the condition because of a medical condition, genetics, or having it previously. Other factors that can lead to DVT include smoking, being overweight, or taking medications that affect hormone levels, such as oral contraceptives.
There are several different types of surgery that are often causes of deep vein thrombosis. Any major surgery done to the chest, abdomen, or legs, such as the removal of a cancerous tumor, can put a person at risk. Orthopedic procedures like a hip replacement also increase the chances of a clot developing. People who have neurosurgical procedures may be prone to them as well.
Injury can also lead to deep vein thrombosis. Any type of injury that weakens or damages the walls of a blood vessel can be to blame. Trauma that slows blood flow to one or more parts of the body may also lead to development of a clot.
Immobility is another of the common causes of deep vein thrombosis. People required to sit for long periods, either at work, while driving, or while flying are often susceptible. Those who have to stay in bed for extended amounts of time can develop them; this may be of particular concern for patients who have undergone surgery that could also put them at risk.
Deep vein thrombosis may also be the result of pregnancy. The added pressure of carrying a child can weaken or damage the veins in the pelvis and legs. Giving birth can put even further pressure on them, so the risk remains even postpartum.
Certain medical conditions may also be causes of deep vein thrombosis. Diabetes, heart failure, and cancer can all be to blame. Some people may have a family history of the condition; this may be due to a genetic disorder that makes the blood clot more easily. Others may be likely to develop it simply because they have had it before.
