Glucosamine sulfate is a natural chemical that is found in cartilage and in the synovial fluid that cushions a person's joints. Scientists can make this chemical in the laboratory to form synthetic glucosamine sulfate supplements, or they can extract it from shellfish. Glucosamine sulfate supplements may help to support joint health, particularly in patients who suffer from osteoarthritis. It may also help to alleviate jaw pain in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis.
As of 2011, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of glucosamine sulfate supplements for treating other medical conditions; however, patients may use this supplement in conjunction with conventional medical treatments. Some people may take it for diabetes, chronic venous insufficiency, and inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease. It may also be used by patients with rheumatoid arthritis and elevated cholesterol levels. Athletes may sometimes use glucosamine sulfate supplements to support rehabilitation and improve flexibility following a knee injury.
Parents and caregivers should avoid giving glucosamine sulfate supplements to a child, because as of 2011, there is insufficient evidence of the safety or efficacy of these pills when used by children. The patient's doctor may recommend a specific dosage to use. Otherwise, a patient will typically take 500 milligrams (mg) three times per day. Patients will typically use this supplement for 30 to 90 days, or as recommended by their physicians.
Glucosamine sulfate supplements are not known to interact with food or herbal supplements. People with shellfish allergies should discuss the supplements with their physicians. Since some of these supplements may be extracted from shellfish, an allergic reaction is possible. Those with diabetes or asthma should also discuss safety with their doctors.
Patients taking any medications should discuss glucosamine sulfate supplements with a doctor or pharmacist, because some interactions may occur. It may be contraindicated for patients undergoing chemotherapy, because it may aid the reproduction of cancer cells. These supplements may also interact with blood thinners, such as warfarin, by causing blood to clot even slower. Glucosamine sulfate may also interact with medicines taken to treat diabetes, as well as acetaminophen. As of 2011, it is unknown whether it is safe for a pregnant or breastfeeding woman to take.
These supplements may rarely cause some side effects, which should be reported to a physician if they become severe or bothersome. Some patients may experience constipation, diarrhea, and nausea. Heartburn, headaches, and fatigue may also occur. Abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and insomnia may possibly occur. Glucosamine may also temporarily elevate a person's heartbeat and blood pressure.