Soil science is a broad field of study that involves careful research and analysis of the properties of soil. Scientists research the ground in a particular area to determine its organic and inorganic contents, pollution levels, and stability. Many experts are involved in conservation efforts, promoting public awareness about the importance of environmental protection. Soil science jobs are found in many settings, including consulting firms, government agencies, private research institutions, universities, and nonprofit environmental organizations. The educational requirements to become a soil scientist vary depending on the job setting, but most professionals hold at least bachelor's degrees in life and Earth science specialties.
Many soil science jobs are held by professionals in consulting firms that specialize in land development, forestry, and agricultural services. Consultants are contracted by landowners and companies to conduct surveys and create detailed land maps. They investigate an area's stability to determine the risks of building new surface or underground structures. Forestry soil scientists advise clients on the best ways to conserve resources and protect wildlife while still making a profit from cutting trees. Experts who hold soil science jobs in agricultural consulting firms investigate the quality of crop-growing patches of land and determine the most efficient ways to implement irrigation systems.
A soil scientist who works for a government agency or private research facility typically conducts detailed field and laboratory studies. A scientist might spend several days, weeks, or months observing changes in soil quality in a particular region. He or she collects samples, brings them to a specialized laboratory, and analyzes their contents. The scientist checks for contaminants, bacteria, water content, and many other factors that may affect plants and animals dependent on the soil.
Research soil science jobs are often held by individuals with specialized knowledge of a particular subfield. Hydrogeologists, for example, analyze groundwater deposits. Soil ecologists work in certain habitats, such as wetlands or forests, to learn how different plants and animals make use of land resources. Many biologists and microbiologists study populations of bacteria, insects, and animals — such as earthworms —who live primarily in the ground.
Government workers and nonprofit environmental soil scientists advocate smart farming, building, and recreational use of land resources. A scientist might work for a national park service, conducting independent research and educating visitors about human impacts on soil and wildlife. Some professionals are involved in public policy jobs, advising politicians and government bodies on the best ways to protect resources. Finally, some soil science jobs involve writing educational material and teaching university courses on conservation and sustainability.
