It is often hard to determine the safety of beta blockers during pregnancy, but there are some varieties which are considered to be safe enough to use while pregnant when they are necessary. There is some associated risk of ill effects for most beta blockers when used in pregnancy, but many are not severe enough to warrant discontinuing the use of such medications when health risks are posed to the mother. Other drugs may pose a higher risk of side effects to the developing fetus. Another medication should be substituted when available.
The use of beta blockers during pregnancy poses the greatest risk during the last trimester. There are some studies which show that even the safest among these medications may pose serious health risks to a fetus. Stunted growth while in utero as well as placental shrinkage and malfunction have been reported. Irregular or slow heart rhythms and breathing difficulties are also risks. Women may be able to discontinue the use of their medications toward the end of pregnancy to avoid these risks, although this should not be done without a doctor's consent and supervision.
Beta blockers are commonly used to treat conditions like high blood pressure which may pose health risks to a pregnant woman. Mild conditions may not warrant the continued use of beta blockers during pregnancy, so long as the problem is closely monitored during the pregnancy. In more severe situations, however, medications may be required throughout.
Occasionally, when medication cannot be avoided during late pregnancy, the unborn baby may be delivered as soon as possible to prevent side effects. This is usually weighed against all potential complications related to prematurity. The best course of action for those who have to continue taking beta blockers during pregnancy into the last trimester will be decided on a patient by patient basis.
Patients may be able to reduce the need for beta blockers by following certain guidelines. Those with high blood pressure may be able to control it effectively with diet and exercise. Other conditions may not worsen during pregnancy even without the use of medication, or the dosage of medication may be lowered without detrimental effects. Patients should not alter their medication dosage or discontinue the use of any medication without the guidance of a medication professional. Sudden discontinuation of certain prescription drugs can lead to serious side effects.
