Caffeine during pregnancy is safe in moderate quantities since limited amounts have little to no effect on pregnancy. Although the amount of caffeine that is deemed to be safe varies due to inconclusive studies, it is generally accepted that pregnant women should limit their caffeine intake to 200 milligrams (mg) per day or less, which is equivalent to about two cups of coffee. Caffeine is a stimulant and diuretic, so it can have adverse effects on pregnant women. Studies have also shown that high doses of caffeine can affect the growth of a fetus and possibly increase the risk of miscarriage and other problems.
Pregnant women are typically advised to limit caffeine during pregnancy because of the negative effects. As a stimulant, caffeine increases the blood pressure and heart rate, which can cause problems for pregnant women. Since it is also a diuretic, caffeine draws fluid from the body and reduces calcium and iron absorption, all of which are needed by women and their developing babies. In addition, it can increase the frequency of urination and contribute to heartburn even more than pregnancy already does.
Large amounts of caffeine, usually 300 mg or more per day, have been shown to increase the risk of fertility problems and miscarriages. It can lead to delayed conception in some cases. Some studies indicate an increase in miscarriages, still births, and preterm labor in women who ingested large quantities of caffeine during pregnancy.
Additionally, caffeine can enter the placenta of pregnant women and cause problems for fetuses. It can affect the movement and sleep patterns of babies in the womb. Caffeine also might decrease the blood flow to the placenta, which can reduce the amount of oxygen and nutrients getting through to the baby. This can cause slower growth and lower birth weights. Some studies suggest that large doses of caffeine during pregnancy can possibly lead to heart defects in babies as well.
According to some studies, large amounts of caffeine during pregnancy can have effects on babies even after they are born. It can cause babies to be born with faster heart rates and breathing rates. These effects may only be temporary, however.
Caffeine can come from other sources besides coffee. It can be found in tea, sodas, and even some medications among other things. Pregnant women should be aware of their caffeine intake from all sources in their diet to stay within the limits that are considered to be safe.
