Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast utilizes powerful magnetic fields to obtain images of the mammary glands. The fields are then rotated, allowing the MRI scanner to create three-dimensional models of the glands. The process is sometimes aided by a dye that creates a strong contrast against regular images captured by the machine, resulting in sharper, more discernible visualizations. Through the use of a breast MRI, doctors can examine the mammary glands without any intrusive procedures. This allows them to scan for any irregularities within the breast, such as cysts and tumors.
Preparation for a breast MRI begins with a thorough pre-examination of the patient. An interview is necessary to determine any pre-existing medical conditions or medications that can adversely affect the procedure. The patient is asked to report any symptoms, along with their degree and frequency. An initial breast exam can be conducted to determine whether or not a breast MRI is necessary. Prior to the breast MRI, the patient might be asked to fast for up to 12 hours.
During the procedure, the patient is required to wear a loose-fitting hospital gown. She is also asked to remove any jewelry and piercings on her body. The patient is then asked to lie face down on the examination table. An opening in the table's chest area allows her breasts to hang suspended, allowing access for the MRI scanner's rotating fields.
The technician sometimes injects a contrast dye into the patient's veins in order to guarantee a clear image. Patients can choose to forgo the dye, as some experts have raised concerns about possible harmful side effects to its use. Reported side effects include migraine, altered taste perception, and nausea. In very rare cases, the dye can cause hives, chest pain, and seizures.
The patient is asked to avoid any unnecessary movement, as any change in position can distort the images captured by the breast MRI. Once the technician determines that the patient's position is stable enough, he allows the patient to enter the MRI scanner. The machine will then expose the patient to the fields needed to record the images.
Doctors examine the three-dimensional model created by the breast MRI during scanning, looking for any signs of anomalies. Abnormalities detectable by breast MRI include hematomas, ruptured or damaged breast implants, and signs of breast cancer. Doctors can also use the images to determine whether or not the irregularities are benign. Still images of the scan are often scanned and printed for future reference.
