Before beginning any type of nasal congestion treatment, it is probably a good idea to determine what is causing the congestion. If the root cause of the congestion is allergy related, an antihistamine will probably help. If congestion is caused by a common cold virus, it is probably better to use a decongestant. Nasal congestion that does not respond to decongestants or antihistamines could be caused by a serious sinus condition, and may require medical attention.
Often, nasal congestion is the result of an allergic reaction. Histamine is a chemical the body produces as a reaction to allergens. Histamine production causes the nasal passages to itch and burn, which in turn generates mucus production that can block the nasal passages. Antihistamines are drugs that block the production of histamine, and stop the allergic reaction that causes congestion, and for allergy sufferers, this type of medication may be an excellent nasal congestion treatment. Antihistamines are available over the counter at most pharmacies.
Antihistamines may not be a good choice for everyone. Side effects associated with these medications are sometimes severe, and may vary greatly from one individual to another. Some people report drowsiness, while other experience extreme nervousness. Other side effects include rapid pulse, sweating, and body tremors. People who experience these side effects should probably discontinue use and see a doctor.
Decongestants are a type of nasal congestion treatment that works by shrinking the size of blood vessels inside nasal passages. Swelling in these blood vessels is usually in response to infection or colds. Sometimes these swollen blood vessels block the nasal passages and may make it difficult to breath. The most common types of decongestants contain pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine. In some regions, pseudoephedrine may require a prescription or consent form, and sales of the medication may be monitored.
Other nasal congestion treatments include nasal sprays and nasal irrigation. Nasal sprays and irrigators coat the sinus passages with decongestants or saline solutions, both of which help to promote drainage and break up any crusted mucus that may be blocking sinuses. Nasal irrigation is a more complicated nasal congestion treatment, and involves pouring saline solution directly into the nasal and sinus cavities.
Studies indicate that some home remedies for nasal congestion actually work. Eating spicy foods, especially red pepper or hot sauce, can sometimes have an immediate effect on nasal congestion. In addition, humidifying the environment with a vaporizer or a pot of boiling water can sometimes help loosen mucus and clear sinus congestion.