Bursitis refers to swelling or inflammation of one or more bursa, tiny fluid filled pockets that occur between tissues, most often near joints. Commonly when bursitis occurs, likely places for inflammation include the joints, especially the knees, elbows, shoulders, hips, or at small bursas at the base of the toes. Swelling can be the result of injury to the joints, arthritic conditions, or infection, and can be very painful.
Infectious bursitis has quite different treatment standards than does inflammation of the bursas due to injury or arthritis. A physician should immediately evaluate symptoms which include sudden swelling, for example if you scrape the bursa in the front of your knee, signs of wound drainage, scrapes that are hot to the touch, or that have red marks. It is easy for these infections to spread to other parts of the body and create sepsis, and an untreated infection can create significant damage to the tissues the affected bursa is supposed to protect.
In instances where bursitis might be of an infectious nature, you will take antibiotics, which may need to be given through IV (intravenous drip). It may also be necessary to drain the bursa several times. This sometimes requires surgery, though other times drainage is accomplished via needle biopsy. It is extremely important that this condition be addressed immediately, since infected bursa can indicate other serious conditions.
Treatment for bursitis resulting from injury or arthritis may require drainage of the bursa too, but this is less common. Most often, people are advised to rest the joint where the affected bursa is inflamed. It can help to ice the area for about 15-20 minutes every couple of hours to reduce swelling. Occasionally cortisone injections are used to help promote an immediate calm down of the swollen bursa.
Pain medication, especially non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) like ibuprofen or naproxen sodium can help relieve the condition. When these are not enough on their own to address pain, doctors may also prescribe opiate drugs. These include medications like Vicodin®, Percocet®, Darvon®, and codeine.
If fluid removal is necessary, this is usually done in a doctor’s office, and involves using a needle injected into the bursa to remove fluid. Fluid may be evaluated to be certain that it shows no signs of infection when no defined injury or arthritis is identified as responsible for the condition. Usually this treatment is a last resort, but it can help with immediate relief of bursitis, since draining fluid from the bursa means inflammation is reduced significantly.
