Prolapsed disc surgery, also referred to as a discectomy, is a procedure in which one or more damaged discs are removed from the spinal column. This type of surgery is normally used as a last resort when other methods of treatments are no longer effective. The procedure usually takes about an hour and is performed under general anesthesia, meaning that the patient is completely sedated for the duration of the operation. Complete recovery from the surgery may take several weeks, although it is common for the patient to experience some degree of pain relief almost immediately following the procedure.
When one or more discs of the spine become prolapsed, or herniated, the patient may experience varying degrees of pain or discomfort in addition to other uncomfortable symptoms. If other treatment methods, such as physical therapy or the use of prescription medications, are not enough, prolapsed disc surgery may become necessary. This surgery is generally reserved for the more extreme cases due to the invasiveness of the procedure.
Before the prolapsed disc surgery begins, the patient is sedated. This usually involves the insertion of a small tube known as an IV catheter into a vein. Medications are then introduced directly into the bloodstream so that the patient is unaware of the surgical procedure as it occurs. Additional medications may be given, along with oxygen, by means of a face mask. Once sedated, the patient is positioned on the stomach so that the surgeon has access to the spine.
A small incision, typically about 3 centimeters in length, is made in the spinal column. The surgeon then carefully separates the muscles from the bone. A small amount of bone and ligament tissue is removed in a procedure known as a laminotomy, allowing the surgeon to adequately see and protect the delicate spinal nerves. The damaged spinal discs are then removed, and the incision is closed.
The patient can usually expect to stay in the hospital for a day or two following prolapsed disc surgery, although walking is often encouraged later the same day. The medical staff will provide detailed instructions on post-operative care and activity restrictions. Pain medications may be needed for a few days following the procedure, and a back brace may need to be worn for a few weeks. Any questions or concerns about prolapsed disc surgery or the recovery process should be discussed with a doctor or other medical professional.