Arctium is a small group of plants, commonly known as burdock, that are similar in appearance to thistles. These biennials are part of the daisy, or Asteraceae, family of plants and are the bane of farmers and gardeners. This is because of their long, sturdy tap roots, which are similar to those of the dandelion and very difficult to remove, and their spiky seed pods, which stick firmly to anything that touches them, including animals and clothing. They have value as medicinal plants, however, and are used to treat several medical conditions.
These types of plants are native to Europe and parts of Asia but have naturalized throughout most of the United States, where they grow rampantly through fields and waste areas. As with all biennials, they show only leafy growth the first year, with flowers appearing during the second year. The flowers are small and purple, cluster on a single stem, and bloom throughout summer and into fall in most areas. Arctium plants usually grow no more than 2 feet (61 cm) in height, but have been known to grow as tall as 4 feet (1.2 m) in rich soil and full sun.
In areas where these plants are plentiful, arctium seed pods are a true nuisance to livestock and other animals. Horses get them tangled in their manes and tails, and dogs often become covered in them. They are nearly impossible to remove and usually need to be cut out of animal fur or hair.
While arctium is not apt to be included in flower gardens, it is cultivated by some for its edible roots and leaves. The roots are rich in fiber and are said to taste much like a potato, while the leaves are cooked and eaten like spinach. As with most weedy plants, it is very easy to grow and needs no special care. It will grow and thrive nearly anywhere, except in full shade.
Arctium root has been used as an herbal remedy for many years, in a wide range of health and cosmetic preparations. These medicinal plants are said to have the ability to remove toxins from the body and to purify the blood. When applied to the skin, it may improve conditions such as eczema and psoriasis, and may help to clear up acne. It is also used in combination with other herbs to ease cold symptoms.
Arctium, or burdock root, is available in fresh or powdered form and packaged into capsules or made into tinctures, tea and extracts. It also is an ingredient in topical homeopathic creams. Those who are allergic to ragweed should use it with caution, because they also may be sensitive to arctium products. Burdock root strongly resembles several poisonous roots, such as belladonna, so it should always be purchased from a reliable source to ensure that it has been correctly identified.