The Persian violet, also known as the German violet, is a small herbaceous plant that has glossy, heart-shaped green leaves and fragrant, star-shaped flowers with a yellow center. Its scientific name is Exacum affine. It belongs to the genus Gentianaceae, which includes all types of gentians, and is not a true violet at all. A popular houseplant, the Persian violet is often given as a gift and is nontoxic and easy to care for.
This tropical plant originally comes from the island archipelago of Socotra in the Indian Ocean, a warm rocky place that is part of the Republic of Yemen. The area is famous for unique species and rich biodiversity. The plant grows about 6-12 inches (15-30 cm) high and can spread 12 inches (30 cm) in diameter. Older specimens can reach up to 24 inches (61 cm). It usually is grown from its tiny seeds, because cuttings are slow to root.
Persian violet flowers are usually bluish-purple or white; sometimes they are a rare pink-rose color. The blooms might last three or four months. Removing spent flowers helps direct energy back into the plant for new growth. Most people discard their Persian violet after it has finished blooming. Others prefer to maintain the plant for its attractive foliage.
A household Persian violet might do well in a humid bathroom if the temperature does not remain too high overnight. Bright indirect sunlight is favored. It likes soil that is kept moist and not allowed to dry out. The plant benefits from regular misting and a water-soluble diluted fertilizer added every two weeks. In the winter, the plant can take a rest from feedings.
In tropical and subtropical climates, the Persian violet can be planted outside. It cannot survive freezing temperatures and is treated as an annual in areas with winter weather. Potted plants are fine outside on a lightly shaded patio or balcony in the warm months. When the temperature begins to drop, the pots are best moved indoors. They should be kept at least 6 inches (15 cm) from cold windows.
Common problems with Persian violet include aphids and spider mites. These insects can spread to other plants if they are not eliminated. Insecticidal soap is chemical-free and works well on these pests. The plant is not known to be poisonous, although minor skin irritation can result from handling the roots. The Persian violet is safe for households that have children or pets.